Solar and solar-terrestrial physics
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Monitoring of the neutron fluxes and microbiological pa-rameters for development of the prediction of earthquakes and other adverse natural phenomena.


The project of scientific researches on studying interrelation be-tween solar activity, seismic and biological processes is offered..
The project assumes development both fundamental, and the ap-plied researches executed by us in 1991-2002. /1-8/. Its realization will allow to begin development of the new approach to forecasting earth-quakes and other natural phenomena.
The project has the following positions (principles): In this process the seismic events are determined by the processes of both solar and Earth origin. The Earth and large planets have an inter-nal source of energy. Since is a dependence of the radiance of planets on their mass, a conclusion can be drawn that the source of the inner of the planets is the same as the Sun, i.e. the thermonuclear reactions.
1. Seismic phenomena is a part of the unified physical process in "Sun-Earth" system. From this point of view, the Sun, interplanetary me-dium, magnetosphere, ionosphere, atmosphere of the Earth, and the Earth itself together with processes in its interior resulting in earthquakes and, is possible, to epidemics represent the unified physical system.
2. Processes in system "Sun-Earth" are interconnected, from condi-tion of each of component this system depend the physical and biological processes on the Earth.
3. The seismic and biological phenomena depend as on solar activ-ity, and activity of a terrestrial origin. The Earth and large planets have an internal source of energy. Since there is a dependence of the radiance of planets on their mass, a conclusion can be drawn that the source of the inner of the planets is the same as the Sun, i.e. the thermonuclear reac-tions /9,10/.
In our works it is shown, that on the Earth there are 11-years cycles of seismic and microbiological activity. Positive correlation of seismic activity with biological parameters and the fluxes of particles registered on the Earth by neutron monitors, and negative correlation with solar ac-tivity (cycles of solar spots) is observed. Also it is shown, that during a 11-years solar cycle seismic activity increases in periods of minimal solar activity and after large solar flares which cause an increase in proton fluxes in interplanetary space and on the Earth's surface.
It was established that the susceptibility threshold of microorgan-isms to heliogeophysical influences differs in different years. There are "amplitude windows" of the influences, the upper limit of which changes in different periods.
We have shown, that there is a high correlation between seismic energy and neutron fluxes during large solar flares. In particular, we have found out, that the amplitude of Forbush decreases registered by the neu-tron monitor, depends not only from processes on the Sun and the inter-planetary space, but also from the seismic energy release from earth-quakes. Thus appeared, that indications of the neutron monitor located near to an epicenter of earthquake, essentially differ from indications of other devices, that is before large earthquakes neutron fluxes on the Earth are increased. Thus the value of seismic energy is directly connected to these fluxes.
This conclusion is confirmed in work in Japan, in which temporal variations of thermal neutron fluxes in seismically active regions were studied /11/. They have shown, that before earthquakes and volcanic eruptions there is an increase of neutron fluxes.
Researches of anisotropy of thermal neutron fluxes on balloon were carried out. Appeared, that in an atmosphere at heights down to 3-5 kms high anisotropy of thermal neutron fluxes directed from the Earth is ob-served /12/. These facts specify that near to an earth-crust there is a field of thermal neutrons value of which depends on seismic activity of the Earth.
For development of the new approach of forecasting of earthquakes and other adverse natural phenomena we offer to execute physical and biological experiment in which is necessary: 1) measurement of neutron fluxes in seismic zones. 2) realization of microbiological experiment. We have industrial base for manufacturing the devices recording neutrons. In the device gasdischarge counters of thermal neutron radia-tion are applied to registration of neutrons in the quantity 15 piece, filled by gas 3He. The device may be used in two variants: with polyethylene delay element (in this case neutrons with energy of about several MeV are registered) and without delay element (thermal neutrons). The mass of the device is 10 kg. Overall dimensions have (612õ494õ107) mm. The experimental device works in an independent mode.
We also have a base for realization of microbiological experi-ments. At processing experiment the data on solar activity, fluxes of the particles registered in interplanetary space, and other data describing heliogeophysical conditions, and also seismic parameters will be in-volved.

The list of the literature
1.Kuzhevskij B.M., Petrov Â.Ì., Shestopalov I.P. About forecasting ra-diation situation in the interplanetary space. // Kosmicheskie issledovaniy 1993. V. 31. No6. P. 89-103.
2. Shestopalov I.P., Smyrrenny L.N., Likin O.B., Pisarenco N.F. Solar flares and seismic activity of the Earth. // Annales Geophysic. 1995. V. 13, Suppl. 3. Part 3 .P. 666.
3. Shestopalov I.P., Konradov A.A. Kharin E.P at all. Cycles of solar, seismic and biological activity. // The fourth International the Symposium in Pushcino "Relations of biological and physicochemical processes with solar activity and heliogeophysical factors", Abstracts, Pushcino, 1996. P. 120.
4. Shestopalov I.P., Polycarpov N.À., Breus T.K. The effect of heliogeo-physical factors on the biological activity of Staphylococcys aureus. // Biophysics 1997. V.2. No 4. P. 919-925.
5. Shestopalov I.P., Konradov A.A. Kharin E.P. Correlation of seismic and biological processes with solar activity.//Biophysics. 1998. V.43. No 4. P. 705.
6. Sobolev G.A., Shestopalov I.P., Kharin E.P., Implications of solar flares for the seismic activiti of the Earth.// Fizika Zemli, 1998. No7. P.85-90.
7. Shestopalov I.P., Kharin E.P, Kuzjevskij B.M. The relationships of the neutrino flux variations with solar activity and with seismicity of the Earth.//Geophysical Research Abstracts. V. 2. 2000. 25th General As-sambly, ST5, Nice, France, April, 2000.
8. Shestopalov I.P., Kharin E.P., Polycarpov N.À., Interconnection of microbiological processes with solar activity and seismic energy of the Earth. // Interstate conference " V.I. Vernadskogo's scientific heritage " Crimea, May, 23-25 2001. Reports. Moscow. P. 450-464.
9. Pollac J. B., Rages K., Baines K. H. et al. Estimates of the bolometric albedos and radiation balance of Uranus and Neptune.//Icarus. 1986. V. 65. P. 442
10. Wang Hong-zhang. On the internal energy source of the large plan-ets.//Chines astronomy and astrophysies. 1990. V. 14. N.4. P. 361.
11. Yasunaga S. Method and equipment for prediction of volcanic erup-tion and earthquake. Pat. 5241175 USA. 1993.
12. Kuzhevskij B.M., Nechaev O.J., Shavrin P.I. A anisotropy of thermal neutrons in an atmosphere of the Earth.//Geomagnetism and aeronomie 1995. V. 35. No2. P. 116.